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Elative (gradation)
In Semitic linguistics, the elative is a stage of gradation in Arabic that can be used both for a superlative and comparative. The Arabic elative has a special inflection similar to that of colour and defect adjectives, though differing in the details. To form an elative, the consonants of the adjective's root are placed in the context ''ʾaCCaC'' (or ''ʾaCaCC'' if the second and third consonants are the same), which, generally speaking, in most situations inflects for case but not for gender or number. Furthermore, elatives belong to the diptote declension. E.g. ''ṣaghīr'' 'small' derives the elative ''’aṣghar'' 'smaller', ''jadīd'' 'new' derives ''’ajadd'' 'newer', ''ghanī'' 'rich' derives ''’aghnā'' 'richer'.
However, there are several words that have particular feminine and plural forms when the elative is prefixed with the definite article, although the agreement is not always observed in modern usage. The feminine singular in such cases takes the context ''CuCCā'', the masculine plural takes ''’aCCaCūna'' or ''’aCāCiC'', and the feminine plural takes ''CuCCayāt'' or ''CuCaC''. These feminine and plural forms had much more extensive use in ancient poetry. E.g. The adjective ''kabīr'' 'big' is changed to ''’akbar'' , ''kubrā'' in the feminine singular, ''’akābir'' in the masculine plural and ''kubrayāt'' in the feminine plural.
The adjective ''’āḫar'' 'other', as an exception, takes elative forms even though it doesn't have comparative meaning.
==References==
nn:Elativ
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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